Premature birth is a global crisis, costing billions and impacting 15 million families annually. For these infants, nutritional support is a primary medical therapy, intended to prevent disease, enabling brain and lung development, and mimicking in-utero growth. While breast milk is the essential nutritional foundation for its immune-protective benefits, its highly variable composition is often inadequate for preterm infants’ needs. It must be fortified to meet international nutritional guidelines, such as the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) recommendations, and prevent life-threatening complications.